Click the button below to submit a comment on the proposed guidelines:

Consumers with celiac disease must avoid gluten—proteins found in baked goods made with wheat and some other grains. For people not sensitive to gluten, there is no health benefit to a gluten-free diet.

Some foods are naturally free of gluten. Here are some examples:

milk not flavored with ingredients that contain gluten, such as malt100 percent fruit or vegetable juicesfresh fruits and vegetablesbuttereggslentilspeanutsseeds, such as flaxtree nuts, such as almondsnon-gluten-containing grains, such as cornfresh fish, such as codfresh shellfish, such as clamshoneywater, including bottled, distilled, and spring

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Whether as muffins, rolls, or loaves, wheat bread is found in most households. But few consumers may appreciate the substance that helps the dough rise, keeps the bread from falling apart, makes it chewy, and adds to its flavor.

That substance is gluten. Breads, cakes, cereals, pastas, and many other foods are made with wheat or added wheat gluten to improve their baking quality and texture.

Technically, gluten represents specific proteins that occur naturally in wheat. However, the term “gluten” is commonly used to refer to certain proteins that occur naturally not only in wheat, but also in rye, barley, and crossbreeds of these grains and that can harm people who have celiac disease. The only treatment for this disorder is a life-long gluten-free diet.

Eating gluten doesn’t bother most consumers, but some people with celiac disease have health-threatening reactions, says Stefano Luccioli, M.D., a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allergist and immunologist. They need to know whether a food contains gluten.

FDA has been working to define “gluten-free” to:

eliminate uncertainty about how food producers may label their products.assure consumers who must avoid gluten that foods labeled “gluten-free” meet a clear standard established and enforced by FDA.

FDA’s actions on Aug. 2 bring the agency one step closer to a standard definition of “gluten-free.” On this date:

FDA reopens the public comment period on its proposed gluten-free labeling rule published on Jan. 23, 2007.FDA makes available, and seeks comments on, a report on the health effects of gluten in people with celiac disease. The report includes a safety assessment on levels of gluten sensitivity in people with the disease.

According to the National Institutes of Health, celiac disease affects as many as 1 percent of the U.S. population.

The disease occurs when the body’s natural defense system reacts to gluten by attacking the lining of the small intestine. Without a healthy intestinal lining, the body cannot absorb the nutrients it needs. Delayed growth and nutrient deficiencies can result and may lead to conditions such as anemia and osteoporosis. Other serious health problems may include diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and intestinal cancers.

“Some people don’t get immediate symptoms, but when they do, they are typically gastrointestinal-related, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea,” says Luccioli. “In infants, there may be a lot of vomiting, and they don’t grow and thrive.” And some people do not have any symptoms at all, adds Luccioli, but still may have intestinal damage and risk for long-term complications. It is important for individuals with celiac disease, who may vary in their sensitivity to gluten, to discuss their dietary needs with their health care professional.

Grocery shopping is challenging for people with this disease, says Andrea Levario, J.D., executive director of the American Celiac Disease Alliance. “When they find a product labeled ‘gluten-free,’ they don’t necessarily know what that means because today there is no federal standard for the use of this term.”

Having a federal definition of “gluten-free” is critically important, says Levario. “If we have one national standard, the individual will know that all products labeled ‘gluten-free’ will have no more than a minimal amount of gluten.”

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“Eating gluten-free is not meant to be a diet craze,” says Rhonda Kane, a registered dietitian and consumer safety officer at FDA. “It’s a medical necessity for those who have celiac disease.” 

“There are no nutritional advantages for a person not sensitive to gluten to be on a gluten-free diet,” she adds. “Those who are not sensitive to gluten have more flexibility and can choose from a greater variety of foods to achieve a balanced diet.”

Gluten-free is not synonymous with low fat, low sugar, or low sodium. For people who must be on a gluten-free diet, Kane says it's important to check the ingredients list and Nutrition Facts information on food labels to find the most nutritious options.

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In 2007, FDA proposed to allow manufacturers to label a food “gluten-free” if the food does not contain any of the following:

an ingredient that is any type of wheat, rye, barley, or crossbreeds of these grainsan ingredient derived from these grains and that has not been processed to remove glutenan ingredient derived from these grains and that has been processed to remove gluten, if it results in the food containing 20 or more parts per million (ppm) gluten20 ppm or more gluten

In the notice reopening the comment period, FDA states that it continues to believe the proposed definition of “gluten-free” is the correct one.

FDA’s notice also describes current analytical methods that can reliably and consistently detect gluten at levels of 20 ppm or more in a variety of foods. 

The agency is interested in hearing from the public and industry. The public comment period on the proposed rule will officially open after noon on Aug. 3, 2011, and will remain open for 60 days. To submit comments electronically, go to www.regulations.gov and

choose “Submit a Comment” from the top task barenter the docket number FDA-2005-N-0404 in the “Keyword” spaceselect “Search”

After FDA reviews and considers the comments, the agency will issue a final rule that defines “gluten-free” for labeling food products, including dietary supplements.

This article appears on FDA's Consumer Updates page, which features the latest on all FDA-regulated products.

Aug. 2, 2011

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Stephen Scott Gross Pumpkin Dumplings With RadicchioStephen Scott GrossSilvana NardoneDelicious no-meat recipes for your holiday table.

When Silvana Nardone’s son Isaiah was diagnosed with gluten intolerance three weeks before Thanksgiving, the Brooklyn mom knew she faced a particularly challenging holiday meal. But as the owner of a bakery and founding editor of the food magazine Every Day With Rachel Ray, Ms. Nardone was up to the challenge.

“Cornbread was the first thing Isaiah wanted me to make,” says Ms. Nardone. “I tested it and failed. But once I finally got it, that was my platform for many other dishes.”

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye and barley, so it can be challenge to cook without it. Ms. Nardone’s adventures in gluten-free cooking are documented in her new cookbook, “Cooking for Isaiah: Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Recipes for Easy Delicious Meals.”

For Well’s Vegetarian Thanksgiving series, Ms. Nardone offers three gluten-free vegetarian dishes that celebrate the season: pumpkin dumplings with radicchio, apple-pecan corn bread stuffing (made with her “double corn” cornbread,) and pumpkin muffins with crumble topping.

With a husband who is a vegetarian and a son who requires gluten-free food, Ms. Nardone has learned that cooking challenges can boost creativity in the kitchen.

“It forced me to be a better cook,” says Ms. Nardone, who blogs about gluten-free cooking at DishTowelDiaries.com. “It opens up a whole new way of cooking that you didn’t even know existed.”

See Ms. Nardone’s recipes below, and go to “Well’s Vegetarian Thanksgiving” to see all the dishes in the series that have been published so far.

Silvana Nardone’s
Gluten-Free Pumpkin Dumplings With Radicchio

Something to keep in mind when you make this recipe — it’s a lot easier than you think. The dumplings are super light and pillowy, but if you prefer a firmer texture, add more gluten-free flour, 1 tablespoon at a time, to the pasta dough.

1 15-ounce can pure pumpkin puree
2 large eggs, lightly beaten
1 cup store-bought gluten-free flour blend
Salt
2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 medium onion, finely chopped
1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
1 small head radicchio, sliced into 1/4-inch strips (about 2 cups)
2 tablespoons chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley

1. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. In a large bowl, combine the pumpkin puree, eggs, flour and 1 teaspoon salt to make the dough.

2. In a large saucepan, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the onion and red pepper flakes and cook until softened, about five minutes; remove from the heat and set aside.

3. When the water comes to a boil, use a teaspoon to scoop up the dough and form a dumpling, then carefully slide the dumpling off the spoon and into the boiling water. Continue forming dumplings until half the dough is used. Cook until the dumplings float, then simmer for about two minutes; remove with a slotted spoon and add to the saucepan with the onion. Repeat with the remaining dumpling dough.

4. Return the saucepan with the onion to medium-high heat. Toss in three-quarters of the radicchio and stir gently until just wilted, about two minutes; season with 1/2 teaspoon salt or to taste. To serve, divide the dumplings and sauce among four bowls and top with the remaining radicchio and parsley.

Yield: Serves 4.

Stephen Scott GrossApple-Pecan Cornbread Stuffing

Silvana Nardone’s
Gluten-Free Apple-Pecan Cornbread Stuffing

Instead of toasting the cornbread, you can spread out the pieces on a baking sheet and let them sit on your counter top overnight, uncovered, to dry out.

Double Corn Cornbread:
1 cup rice milk
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1 cup cornmeal, preferably medium grind
1 cup store-bought gluten-free flour blend
1/4 cup sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
2 large eggs, at room temperature, lightly beaten
1/4 cup vegetable oil
1 cup corn kernels (from about 1 ear of corn)

Stuffing:
2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for greasing
1 small onion, chopped
2 stalks celery, thinly sliced
Salt
Pepper
4 cups Double Corn Cornbread (see recipe below), toasted and cut into 1-inch pieces
1 Granny Smith apple, peeled, cored and finely chopped
2 teaspoons dried herb blend, such as McCormick Italian Seasoning
1/2 cup chopped pecans

1. Prepare the cornbread. Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Grease a 4 1/2-inch by 8 1/2-inch loaf pan. In a small bowl, stir together the milk and vinegar. In a medium bowl, whisk together the cornmeal, flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Stir in the milk mixture, eggs and oil until just blended; fold in the corn kernels. Pour the batter into the prepared pan.

2. Bake until golden and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean, about 45 minutes. Let cool completely in the pan set on a wire rack.

3. Prepare the stuffing. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Generously grease an 8-inch square pan with olive oil. In a skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the onion and celery and cook until softened, about five minutes; season with 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper, or to taste.

4. In a large bowl, toss together the onion mixture, cornbread, apple and herb blend. Transfer to the prepared pan. Scatter the pecans on top and cover with foil; bake for 15 minutes. Remove the foil; bake until crispy and golden, about 20 minutes more.

Yield: Serves 6 to 8.

Stephen Scott GrossIsaiah’s Pumpkin Muffins With Crumble Topping

Silvana Nardone’s
Isaiah’s Pumpkin Muffins With Crumble Topping

If you make these muffins around the holidays, stir a handful of dried cranberries or 1/4 cup chopped walnuts into the batter. You can also make pumpkin muffin tops with this recipe — just use a muffin-top pan and bake for about 10 minutes.

Topping:
1/4 cup store-bought gluten-free flour blend
1/4 cup packed light brown sugar
1/4 cup granulated sugar
1/2 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
4 tablespoons all-vegetable shortening
Confectioners’ sugar, for sprinkling

Muffins:
1 3/4 cups store-bought gluten-free flour blend
2 teaspoons baking powder
2 teaspoons pumpkin pie spice
3/4 teaspoon salt
2 large eggs, at room temperature
1 cup canned pure pumpkin puree
1 cup granulated sugar
1/2 cup vegetable oil
1 tablespoon pure vanilla extract

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a 12-cup muffin pan with paper liners.

2. Prepare the crumble topping. Whisk together the flour, brown sugar, granulated sugar and pumpkin pie spice in a medium bowl. Add the shortening and, using your fingers or a fork, blend together until coarse crumbs form.

3. To make the muffins: Whisk together the flour, baking powder, pumpkin pie spice and salt in a large bowl.

4. In a medium bowl, whisk together the eggs, pumpkin puree, granulated sugar, oil and vanilla until smooth. Add to the flour mixture; stir until just combined.

5. Fill each muffin cup almost full; top each with crumble topping. Bake until the muffins are springy to the touch and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean, 20 to 25 minutes. Let cool in the pan, set on a wire rack. Using a sieve, sprinkle with confectioners’ sugar.

Yield: 12 muffins.

Stephen Scott Gross Pumpkin Dumplings With RadicchioStephen Scott GrossSilvana NardoneDelicious no-meat recipes for your holiday table.

When Silvana Nardone’s son Isaiah was diagnosed with gluten intolerance three weeks before Thanksgiving, the Brooklyn mom knew she faced a particularly challenging holiday meal. But as the owner of a bakery and founding editor of the food magazine Every Day With Rachel Ray, Ms. Nardone was up to the challenge.

“Cornbread was the first thing Isaiah wanted me to make,” says Ms. Nardone. “I tested it and failed. But once I finally got it, that was my platform for many other dishes.”

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye and barley, so it can be challenge to cook without it. Ms. Nardone’s adventures in gluten-free cooking are documented in her new cookbook, “Cooking for Isaiah: Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Recipes for Easy Delicious Meals.”

For Well’s Vegetarian Thanksgiving series, Ms. Nardone offers three gluten-free vegetarian dishes that celebrate the season: pumpkin dumplings with radicchio, apple-pecan corn bread stuffing (made with her “double corn” cornbread,) and pumpkin muffins with crumble topping.

With a husband who is a vegetarian and a son who requires gluten-free food, Ms. Nardone has learned that cooking challenges can boost creativity in the kitchen.

“It forced me to be a better cook,” says Ms. Nardone, who blogs about gluten-free cooking at DishTowelDiaries.com. “It opens up a whole new way of cooking that you didn’t even know existed.”

See Ms. Nardone’s recipes below, and go to “Well’s Vegetarian Thanksgiving” to see all the dishes in the series that have been published so far.

Silvana Nardone’s
Gluten-Free Pumpkin Dumplings With Radicchio

Something to keep in mind when you make this recipe — it’s a lot easier than you think. The dumplings are super light and pillowy, but if you prefer a firmer texture, add more gluten-free flour, 1 tablespoon at a time, to the pasta dough.

1 15-ounce can pure pumpkin puree
2 large eggs, lightly beaten
1 cup store-bought gluten-free flour blend
Salt
2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 medium onion, finely chopped
1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
1 small head radicchio, sliced into 1/4-inch strips (about 2 cups)
2 tablespoons chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley

1. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. In a large bowl, combine the pumpkin puree, eggs, flour and 1 teaspoon salt to make the dough.

2. In a large saucepan, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the onion and red pepper flakes and cook until softened, about five minutes; remove from the heat and set aside.

3. When the water comes to a boil, use a teaspoon to scoop up the dough and form a dumpling, then carefully slide the dumpling off the spoon and into the boiling water. Continue forming dumplings until half the dough is used. Cook until the dumplings float, then simmer for about two minutes; remove with a slotted spoon and add to the saucepan with the onion. Repeat with the remaining dumpling dough.

4. Return the saucepan with the onion to medium-high heat. Toss in three-quarters of the radicchio and stir gently until just wilted, about two minutes; season with 1/2 teaspoon salt or to taste. To serve, divide the dumplings and sauce among four bowls and top with the remaining radicchio and parsley.

Yield: Serves 4.

Stephen Scott GrossApple-Pecan Cornbread Stuffing

Silvana Nardone’s
Gluten-Free Apple-Pecan Cornbread Stuffing

Instead of toasting the cornbread, you can spread out the pieces on a baking sheet and let them sit on your counter top overnight, uncovered, to dry out.

Double Corn Cornbread:
1 cup rice milk
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1 cup cornmeal, preferably medium grind
1 cup store-bought gluten-free flour blend
1/4 cup sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
2 large eggs, at room temperature, lightly beaten
1/4 cup vegetable oil
1 cup corn kernels (from about 1 ear of corn)

Stuffing:
2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for greasing
1 small onion, chopped
2 stalks celery, thinly sliced
Salt
Pepper
4 cups Double Corn Cornbread (see recipe below), toasted and cut into 1-inch pieces
1 Granny Smith apple, peeled, cored and finely chopped
2 teaspoons dried herb blend, such as McCormick Italian Seasoning
1/2 cup chopped pecans

1. Prepare the cornbread. Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Grease a 4 1/2-inch by 8 1/2-inch loaf pan. In a small bowl, stir together the milk and vinegar. In a medium bowl, whisk together the cornmeal, flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Stir in the milk mixture, eggs and oil until just blended; fold in the corn kernels. Pour the batter into the prepared pan.

2. Bake until golden and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean, about 45 minutes. Let cool completely in the pan set on a wire rack.

3. Prepare the stuffing. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Generously grease an 8-inch square pan with olive oil. In a skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the onion and celery and cook until softened, about five minutes; season with 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper, or to taste.

4. In a large bowl, toss together the onion mixture, cornbread, apple and herb blend. Transfer to the prepared pan. Scatter the pecans on top and cover with foil; bake for 15 minutes. Remove the foil; bake until crispy and golden, about 20 minutes more.

Yield: Serves 6 to 8.

Stephen Scott GrossIsaiah’s Pumpkin Muffins With Crumble Topping

Silvana Nardone’s
Isaiah’s Pumpkin Muffins With Crumble Topping

If you make these muffins around the holidays, stir a handful of dried cranberries or 1/4 cup chopped walnuts into the batter. You can also make pumpkin muffin tops with this recipe — just use a muffin-top pan and bake for about 10 minutes.

Topping:
1/4 cup store-bought gluten-free flour blend
1/4 cup packed light brown sugar
1/4 cup granulated sugar
1/2 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
4 tablespoons all-vegetable shortening
Confectioners’ sugar, for sprinkling

Muffins:
1 3/4 cups store-bought gluten-free flour blend
2 teaspoons baking powder
2 teaspoons pumpkin pie spice
3/4 teaspoon salt
2 large eggs, at room temperature
1 cup canned pure pumpkin puree
1 cup granulated sugar
1/2 cup vegetable oil
1 tablespoon pure vanilla extract

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a 12-cup muffin pan with paper liners.

2. Prepare the crumble topping. Whisk together the flour, brown sugar, granulated sugar and pumpkin pie spice in a medium bowl. Add the shortening and, using your fingers or a fork, blend together until coarse crumbs form.

3. To make the muffins: Whisk together the flour, baking powder, pumpkin pie spice and salt in a large bowl.

4. In a medium bowl, whisk together the eggs, pumpkin puree, granulated sugar, oil and vanilla until smooth. Add to the flour mixture; stir until just combined.

5. Fill each muffin cup almost full; top each with crumble topping. Bake until the muffins are springy to the touch and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean, 20 to 25 minutes. Let cool in the pan, set on a wire rack. Using a sieve, sprinkle with confectioners’ sugar.

Yield: 12 muffins.